FMP Evaluation

For my final major project, I’ve produced a four-track EP and have mixed and mastered it. I’ve also created an original piece for the cover of the EP. I’ve written all the tracks myself, with the exception of one which is a cover of a song written by Jeff Buckley. As a whole, I feel like the project went fairly well, but I know there’s definitely a great deal I could improve on. Since writing my proposal, I’ve changed some of the themes and ideas, but I still feel it provides the same tone I wanted the EP to have from the beginning. It went from being a collection of songs that I’ve written when I’ve felt a certain way, to the EP having a main theme and story throughout. The EP is about an old man who stalks and then murders a young innocent woman. Even though the idea is much darker than the ideas I had for the EP before, it’s a lot more subliminal and subtle with the story.

This was my first time recording, mixing, and mastering so I can definitely improve my workflow and understanding of the techniques used in each process. I still feel quite proud of how it sounds considering it’s a first ever attempt. Even though I wanted the aesthetic of the EP to be quite raw and somewhat lo-fi, I know I could get the sound of the EP cleaner if I did more research and experimented more with mixing and mastering. There’s definitely nitpicks to be made especially with the mastering and EQing of the EP. Those were the two techniques I understood the least and need to learn more about. I feel that I need to work more on my self-motivation as there were times where I definitely could’ve been working, but decided not to so I could do other things that weren’t productive or beneficial to the project or to my skill set as a whole. I want to be learning and experimenting more in the future, constantly working on things, writing more songs, and trying new techniques and art forms.

I definitely believe that I could have used more of the 12 weeks efficiently and gotten more done and experimented more with plugins and other instruments in my songs, but I was never sure if I wanted more instruments and sounds in the mix as I wanted the songs to be quite raw. I do feel like the EP might have benefited from a song being more complex, but the one song I wanted to be more varied and complex, the ambitions I have for it would have been too much to undertake and I would’ve needed a bigger budget and musicians who can play stringed instruments. If I did go down this route, I’d need to research more into music theory and sheet music to have a better understanding of how to write music for classical musicians to understand. I’d also have to research more into recording multiple instruments at once and then mixing stringed instruments. Out of everything I needed to research, mixing was the one needed to learn about the most. Choosing a microphone, microphone placement, and recording is fairly simple, but mixing is a very big thing and there are many things you can do in the mixing process. There’s a huge range of possibilities with it so learning more about the basic mixing process and then learning about some experimental techniques is really important. Learning about EQ especially was really important and was something I had a very small understanding of and after conducting research, I was able to use EQ effectively and use it properly during the mixing process. Because I learnt about how to use EQ properly I was able to fix a problem I faced later in production. I had a problem where my vocals and guitar and very bassy and were overlapping so you couldn’t really hear any of the detail of the guitar or the vocals. Because I had a better understanding of EQ, I was able to use it to fix this issue and make the track sound fuller.

FMP Diary Week 6

This week I recorded the last song I needed to have recorded for the EP. After thinking more about the structure of the EP, I decided that I wanted the first track to be an instrumental like the last track. I feel like that it means there’s more of a structure and a story to the EP now. The track is like the last track, just acoustic guitar and all I did in terms of effects was I added some reverb, added some compression and did some EQing.

beast at bay guitar

After this track was done, I had every track recorded and mixed. Now I needed to move onto mastering. I had a basic idea of how to master, but I didn’t know exactly what I was doing so I did some research. I found a really helpful article and infographic that I used to help me through mastering. I went through the steps that they recommended and found that the only step that really did much was limiting. I found that compression, enhancing, and clipping wasn’t really necessary and didn’t impact the sound in any significant way.

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References:

Pro Sound Formula. (n.d.). How to Master a Song – Simple 7 Step Mastering Formula. [online] Available at: http://prosoundformula.com/how-to-master-a-song/ [Accessed 3 Jun. 2019].

FMP Diary Week 5

I’ve been recording more this week and been having a little trouble. Mainly I’ve found it difficult to self-motivate and just sit down and record. I’ve also been trying to go through my songs more to make them really concrete in my mind so recording them is a breeze. I’ve recorded two of the songs on the EP, but still have one left to record.

I recently found a song that Jeff Buckley performed live at one of his last ever shows and I really took a shine to it. I decided that I had to do a cover of it for one of the songs on the EP. The song is called “Moisture” and from what I can gather, the lyrics go like this:

“Someone saw a stranger mount
With moisture on her lips
And it was all so soon
Upon her clothes and on her hips

No one knows exactly who she was
Or how she died
But they when opened up her purse
They found a snail inside”

I really liked the song even though it’s only around 1 minute and 10 seconds. In the version I recorded I added a little bit to the end just to extend it a bit, but it only added around 10 seconds to the song. One of the reasons I felt the song had a place on my EP is because the next track on the EP, “The World Sounds Different With Noise,” is written from the perspective of an older man who is stalking a young, innocent woman and is absolutely infatuated with her. I feel like the song “Moisture” is in a way context to the song to make sure it’s perceived as being an ominous and creepy song and sets the tone for the EP.

As the song is just electric guitar and vocals, recording it and mixing it was very easy. I just left the vocals and guitar down the centre of the mix and adjusted the levels a bit. I DIed (Direct Input) my guitar and used an amp sim with some delay on it.

moisture guitar

For the vocals, I used just a bit of reverb.

moisture vocals

The next track “The World Looks Different With Noise” is a fairly similar track. It’s just vocals and an electric guitar. I used the same amp sim, but didn’t use any delay and added an EQ when I got to mixing.

the world looks different with noise guitar.PNG

The vocals were a bit trickier this time and I needed to do more to them to get them I wanted them to sound. I used the same reverb, but then some delay. I then needed to EQ and add a gate to cut out quieter sounds that weren’t necessary.

the world looks different vocals

EQing and mixing this one was a bit tricky as my vocals and the guitar, were in the same range as I wanted to sing this song lower to make it sound creepier.  I needed to EQ both the guitar and the vocals to try and get them to sit well together. After quite a lot of experimenting, I was able to get the track to a point where I was fairly pleased with how it sounded.

Artwork

After doing my research on album covers, I settled on creating something using watercolour paints in the same vein as some of the Japanese art I previously discussed.

I remembered something I made a while ago that was inspired by the same Ukiyo-e I discussed before and I decided to try recreating it using watercolour paint instead of acrylic paint. This was something I painted when I had the Fine Wind, Clear Morning piece on my mind.

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I decided that I wanted to make it simpler by using fewer lines and colours. I wanted the lines the direct you more to a centre point of the image rather than having lines all over the place. I started by drawing the lines to see how I wanted it with fewer lines. Once I drew the lines I moved onto painting. I started by painting the orange then the greens then the blue. It was at this point that I realised I needed to make the lines longer so that the art occupied more of the page.

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I then extended the lines and finished the piece by painting the second blue and then the purple. I then went back over some areas and cleaned it up a little. I also ran over the lines with a marker to make them bolder.

Scan 1

I then scanned it and tried running it through photoshop and experimenting with different filters and effects, but I felt that it looked better when it was rawer. I wanted the piece to be fairly raw and simple because the EP itself is a fairly simple EP production wise. I did, however, add a little grain to the final image to give it more texture. I then cropped it and exported it.

ep cover

I’m fairly happy with the results. I definitely think there are things I could improve upon. This was my first time using watercolour paints in a long time so I could definitely improve my technique and understanding of how to use them. I hope to use them more in the future and experiment with other art forms with it too. I’m really happy I was able to have the cover finished so quickly. I was able to do the whole in one day so that’s definitely freed up some time to focus more on the recording and mixing.

Research – Musical Influences

Recently I’ve been listening to a lot more acoustic and solo work from artists and it’s been really inspiring. My major influences are singer-songwriters like Jeff Buckley, Tim Buckley, Elliott Smith, Nick Drake, Leonard Cohen, Bob Dylan, and other troubadour type musicians.

I’ve also been listening to a lot of Nina Simone, Chet Baker’s vocals recordings, Bill Evans and other jazz musicians.

I’ve also been researching into jazz chord progressions and scales to have a further understanding of jazz music. I started by learning the II-V-I (2-5-1) progression which is the most fundamental and common chord progression in jazz music. I then moved on to some more chord progressions and found that I really liked the Imaj7 – VIm7 – IIm7 – V7 and the II – V – I (minor) progressions. I’ve also been listening to a lot of Middle Eastern music from Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and other Qawwali singers. I’ve also been looking into foreign scales to recreate a similar sound. The scales I’ve really liked are the Japanese, Indian and Arabian scales.

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Japanese Scale
indian-guitar-scale
Indian Scale
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Arabian Scale

I try to incorporate as many influences, sounds, and styles into my music as it means I can create music that is more unique. I also try to learn more scales and chord progressions as I feel it gives me the ability to communicate what I want to communicate through my music. I believe that music theory is the language we use to speak through our instruments and that learning more scales and chord progressions is like expanding your vocabulary to be able to express more.

Outside of musicians I’ve been reading more poetry and literature to expand more upon my songwriting ability and vocabulary. Poetry-wise I’ve mainly been reading the works of Allen Ginsberg. One of my favourite poems he’s written is “America.” Written post-World War II it has major themes of nuclear warfare and communism. I love how blunt it is. I want to replicate a similar feeling and theme in one of my songs.

Literature-wise I’ve been reading some of the work from Stephen King and George Orwell. I especially really like George Orwell’s 1984. The feeling that I get when reading it is unlike anything I’ve felt before when reading a book. I get this huge sense of paranoia and anxiety that freaks me out, but I really like it. I want to write a song that induces that same kind of paranoia and anxiety that the book does.

References:

Baker, C. (2013). Chet Baker – 01 – The Thrill Is Gone – The Best Of Chet Baker Sings HD1080 320 kbps. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fw1991aZ3us [Accessed 20 May 2019].

Simone, N. (2009). Nina Simone – Be My Husband. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tn-j52pHtRQ [Accessed 20 May 2019].

Ramin, S. (2016). What’s a II-V-I Chord Progression – Guitar Lesson and Theory. [online] Jazz-guitar-licks.com. Available at: https://www.jazz-guitar-licks.com/blog/what-s-a-ii-v-i-progression.html [Accessed 28 May 2019].

Ramin, S. (2017). The 14 Most Popular Chord Progressions In Jazz. [online] Jazz-guitar-licks.com. Available at: https://www.jazz-guitar-licks.com/blog/lessons/the-most-important-chord-progressions-in-jazz-music.html [Accessed 28 May 2019].

YouTube. (2016). Ye Jo Halka Halka Saroor Hai – Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan – OSA Official HD Video. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIPXHsUXVH0 [Accessed 28 May 2019].

Laukens, D. (n.d.). 11 Exotic Guitar Scales To Instantly Spice Up Your Solos (Video + Tabs). [online] Jazz Guitar Online | Free Jazz Guitar Lessons, Licks, Tips & Tricks. Available at: https://www.jazzguitar.be/blog/exotic-guitar-scales [Accessed 28 May 2019].

Ginsberg, A. and Schumacher, M. (2015). The essential Ginsberg. 4th ed. Penguin Books.

Ginsberg, A. (n.d.). America – Poem by Allen Ginsberg. [online] Famouspoetsandpoems.com. Available at: http://famouspoetsandpoems.com/poets/allen_ginsberg/poems/8318 [Accessed 29 May 2019].

Ginsberg, A. (2010). Allen Ginsberg reads America. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Orar-V3y5Sk [Accessed 29 May 2019].

Orwell, G. (1954). 1984. 26th ed. New York: Penguin Books in association with Martin Secker & Warburg.

FMP Diary Week 4

I’ve mainly spent this week experimenting with Ableton Live and recording the instrumental track that’s the last track of the EP.

As I was producing the EP, I was messing around with effects in Ableton Live and starting using a delay effect. I really liked the sound of it and came up with this idea that I want to work on more in the future and possibly use in a short horror movie. When I listen to it I can hear primal sounding drums in my head that if I was to work on this more, I would definitely add. I had Hans Zimmers and James Newton Howards “Why So Serious” and Fantômas’ “Delìrivm Còrdia” in my head as I was recording this and I definitely want to make more experimental and creepy stuff like that. The photo is just something I took one day. It looks kind of ominous so I put it in the video. It’s a photo that probably wouldn’t be used anywhere else.

For the instrumental track, I wanted there to be the sound of the world and environment around so I opened the window and recorded the take. That meant you can hear any wind, birds and other sounds which I think really makes the song more engaging to listen to. I also have decided to try and mix as I go to see if that speeds things up.

I needed to learn more about mixing acoustic guitar so I found an article that covered a lot of the basics and was really helpful. I mainly needed to learn more about using compression as it’s something I understand the least when it comes to music production. I learnt that it’s best to use as little compression on acoustic guitar as possible to keep the instrument mostly natural and keep its range. Using compression with a 4:1 ratio at the most, having a slower attack time and faster release time is best for acoustic guitar.

I added some compression with a ratio of 3:1. I then did some EQing to the guitar to remove a little of the low end as I felt that it was a bit too thumpy. So using what I learned from the research I did on mixing, I boosted the frequencies in the low end to find where it needed to be cut and then cut the frequencies.

a better cry effects

References:

Roth, D. (2018). Mixing Acoustic Guitar: Everything You Need (To Get That Pro Sound). [online] Musician on a Mission. Available at: https://www.musicianonamission.com/mixing-acoustic-guitar/ [Accessed 29 May 2019].

Zimmer, H. (2008). Why So Serious? The Joker Theme The Dark Knight Soundtrack – Hans Zimmer. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zyhQjJ5UgY [Accessed 19 May 2019].

Patton, M., Osborne, B., Dunn, T. and Lombardo, D. (2016). Fantomas – Delirium Cordia (Full). [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XNbA7NdE1Q [Accessed 19 May 2019].

FMP Diary Week 3

This week I’ve been further working on my songs and have gotten them to a point I feel pretty happy with. I originally wanted to record demos of the songs on my phone as a reference for later, but I’ve decided to skip straight to recording in Ableton Live as I feel that it will be more productive and efficient to do so.

I’ve been trying to narrow down what I want the cover for the EP to look like so I’ve done some more research into some of my favourite album covers and art styles. I’ve been mainly looking into Ukiyo-e art and pieces that are inspired by the style. As I was looking into this style more I remembered something that I previously painted that was inspired by specifically the Hokusai piece, Fine Wind, Clear Morning. I had the idea of an abstract painting of a mountain with a green field surrounding it and a purple-ish sky. I imagine a lot of depth between the mountain, the field, and the sky. It’s meant to be from a sort of bird’s eye point-of-view.

scan 2

I want to try and recreate this using watercolour paint as I feel it will provide a similar aesthetic and feel as Ukiyo-e art. I also want to simplify it and use fewer lines to make it direct. I want the lines to drive you more towards the centre of the piece rather than having lines all over without much direction.

 

Research – Deconstructing a Mix (Andy Wallace)

I watched this video of Andy Wallace deconstructing his mix of Jeff Buckley’s Last Goodbye and was able to learn a lot about how he produces a song with acoustic and electric guitar, the proximity effect, and reverb. He describes how the two acoustic guitars are panned hard left and right and a 12-string electric guitar is right down the centre of the mix and how he blends them together. The reasoning behind why he produced and mixed the song this way was because he wanted the song to be orchestral and not in the way that there are strings in the song so now it’s orchestral, he wanted this wide range from the instruments and wanted it sound like there were multiple instruments doing their own thing and adding to overall sound to create this huge sonic image. Because of this, the guitars aren’t exactly played the same. They’re played quite freely in rhythm and create this idea of many musicians playing in an orchestra creating a huge sound. He also goes over using the proximity effect on the vocals and how he wanted the lead singer to sing quieter and closer to the microphone to be reminiscent of someone whispering in your ear and then in the bigger, louder moments of the song, he sings louder and farther away from the microphone to make the vocals bigger and in a way more operatic. He then discusses how he uses a small amount of a medium and a long reverb on the vocals because he didn’t want the reverb to be an obvious effect and just wanted it to open things up a bit. I also learnt something that I never would have thought to do which was when EQing things, to boost the frequencies to find exactly where you want to cut the frequencies. He demonstrates this when EQing the acoustic guitars. The guitars are quite “thumpy” and have a bit too much low end on them so he boosts the frequencies in the low end to find exactly where he needs to cut.

References:

Wallace, A. (2018). Deconstructing a Mix 33 – Part 9 | Mix With The Masters. [online] Mixwiththemasters.com. Available at: https://mixwiththemasters.com/video/deconstructing-mix-33-part-9 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2019].

Research – Recording Techniques

I’ve been looking on YouTube and Lynda.com to learn more about recording techniques so I can record my EP with the best sound quality and efficiency. The main things I’ve been looking into are types of microphones to use and microphone placement. I wanted to find what is the best type of microphone to use for acoustic guitar, vocals and other acoustic instruments. One thing I found that was the most helpful was a Lynda.com course on audio recording techniques that ranged from microphone basics to recording guitar and even recording drums, piano, horns, and other instruments. This course was extremely helpful in learning about the things I need to know to record audio properly. I learnt that a large diaphragm condenser microphone would be best for recording my guitar as it has a larger frequency response and makes the guitar sound bigger and fuller. Because it has a larger diaphragm capsule than a small diaphragm condenser mic it picks up frequencies differently.

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Small diaphragm condenser microphone’s capsule
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Large diaphragm condenser microphone’s capsule

When comparing the polar patterns between a small and large diaphragm condenser, you can see there’s a difference in the way it picks up frequencies around the microphone. This is something I need to take into account when setting up mic placement.

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Small diaphragm condenser polar pattern
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Large diaphragm condenser polar pattern

I then researched more into polar patterns of microphones. I found that the best polar pattern for recording acoustic guitar was an omnidirectional as it can capture wider sound sources better than a cardioid microphone which means it can capture the guitar and the environment around.

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However, I’ll be recording the EP in my bedroom which isn’t acoustically treated. Because of this, the room has a nasty echo which an omnidirectional would pick up so using a cardioid microphone would be a better choice for the environment I’m recording in.

I settled on using a Rode NT1-A which is a large diaphragm condenser microphone with a cardioid polar pattern as it’s available from the ERC. I also decided on using a Shure SM58 Dynamic microphone for the vocals as using the NT1-A for both vocals and guitar could mean the audio could sound quite bland throughout the EP. It’s also easier to use two mics than to use the same one for different purposes and have to keep rearranging the setup and mic placement. I also have a Behringer XM8500 Dynamic microphone that I’m going to use at some point to give the sound a bit of a different texture.

References:

Owsinski, B. (2012). Recording the acoustic guitar with one mic. [online] Lynda.com. Available at: https://www.lynda.com/Audio-Engineering-tutorials/Recording-acoustic-guitar-one-mic/95612/115177-4.html [Accessed 18 May 2019].

E-Home Recording Studio. (n.d.). Microphone Polar Patterns: Cardioid, Omnidirectional, Figure-8. [online] Available at: https://ehomerecordingstudio.com/microphone-polar-patterns/ [Accessed 28 May 2019].

Neumann.com. (n.d.). What Is the Difference Between Large and Small Diaphragm Microphones?. [online] Available at: https://www.neumann.com/homestudio/en/difference-between-large-and-small-diaphragm-microphones [Accessed 29 May 2019].

FMP Diary Week 2

I’ve continued to work on my song ideas and start writing lyrics and using lines and lyrics I’ve come up with previously. I’ve also come up with another idea using the Ichikosucho scale, but this time I feel it works much better on an acoustic guitar. I also feel that this song would work better as an instrumental and is going to be the song that closes the EP. I might change my mind and add lyrics later if I feel like I’ve come up with something that needs to be said in the song.

My process for writing songs usually goes from coming up with chords and a melody and then the lyrics come later. Sometimes I come up with the lyrics first and can hear a melody so I try to learn the song from my head. Learning how to play songs by ear has been really helpful for that.

I’ve been listening to a lot of Nina Simone and Chet Baker and have been trying to write a song with a similar feel to some of those artists songs. So far I’ve got all the lyrics written and the chrous, but I still need more for it be a complete song.